- ЧЕРЕПИЦА
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Черепичное остроугольное поперечное перекрытие — кровельный штучный материал. В Европе известна, как минимум, со времён Античности, хотя найдены археологические объекты и раннего бронзового века. Возможно, была изобретена в Китае в III тысячелетии до н. э.
Черепица нынче может быть изготовлена из обожжённой глины (керамическая черепица), термопласткомпозита, цементно-песчаного раствора (цементно-песчаная черепица) или известково-песчаного раствора с обработкой изделия в автоклаве (силикатная черепица). Наиболее распространённая глиняная черепица производится из пластичных легкоплавких глин (иногда с добавкой шамота).
По форме и по методу прессования черепица подразделяется на пазовую и плоскую. Для покрытия коньков кровли выпускается коньковая черепица, торцевая, вентиляционная, подконьковая, фронтонная, вальмовая, Т-образная, Х-образная и другие.
В зависимости от состава глин и режима обжига керамическая черепица может иметь натуральную окраску — от кирпично-красного до жёлто-серого цвета. В декоративных целях черепицу иногда покрывают цветной глазурью или ангобом.
